Mewujudkan Good Governance demi Optimalisasi Bonus Demografi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the main pillar that determines the realization of good governance in order to optimize Indonesia’s demographic bonus. This research is motivated by the demographic bonus phenomenon in Indonesia. According to the 2020 census by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), the proportion of the productive-age population in Indonesia reached 70.7% of the total population. This situation presents a great opportunity to accelerate economic growth toward the vision of “Indonesia Emas 2045”, but it also poses the risk of becoming a demographic disaster if not accompanied by professional and efficient governance. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a literature review of the concepts of good governance, industrialization, and meritocracy. The study finds that meritocracy serves as the main pillar of good governance. Through meritocracy’s principles of competence- and performance-based recruitment and promotion, bureaucracy becomes more professional, transparent, and accountable. Meritocracy has also proven effective in enhancing public policy efficiency, eradicating corruption, and increasing public trust, as demonstrated by the success of Singapore and South Korea. Based on these findings, this study recommends that bureaucratic reform in Indonesia should focus on implementing a consistent, transparent, and politically independent meritocratic system to strengthen good governance and transform the demographic bonus into a foundation for achieving “Indonesia Emas 2045”.
References
Aini, Lathifah dkk. “Analisis Bonus Demografi di Tengah Tingginya Pengangguran Terdidik di Indonesia.” Geosfera: Jurnal Penelitian Geografi 4.1 (2025): 86–96. https://ejurnal. ung.ac.id/index.php/geojpg/article/view/31656.
Aprianti, Dian Irma, Suyanto, dan Sugeng Choirudin. “Tantangan Bonus Demografi bagi Pemerintah.” Nusantara Innovation Journal 1.1 (2022): 10–18. https://nij.kaltimprov. go.id/index.php/ nij/article/view/12.
Ayunani, Nanda Sabrina, dan Ida Nuraini. “Pengaruh Angkatan Kerja, Industrialisasi, Investasi, dan Teknologi Informasi terhadap PDRB di Pulau Jawa.” Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Syariah 12.1 (2025): 282–301. https://ejurnal.iaipd-nganjuk.ac.id/index.php/ es/ article/view/1260.
Badan Pusat Statistik. “Statistik Demografi Indonesia (Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020),”. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/ 2025/01/31/29a40174e02f20a7a31b5bc3/statistik-demografi-indonesia--hasil-sensus-penduduk-2020-.html., diakses 10 Oktober 2025.
Cahya, Ravellino Dwi, dan Muhammad Yasin. “Strategi Industri Manufaktur dalam Meningkatkan Percepatan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 1.4 (2024): 19–22. https://journal.smartpublisher.id/index.php /jeber/ article/view/146.
Cicih, Lilis Heri Mis, dan Darojad N. Agung. “Lansia di Era Bonus Demografi.” Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 17.1 (2022): 1–14. https://ejournal.brin.go.id/jki/article/ view/10590.
De Francesco, Fabrizio, dan Edoardo Guaschino. “Reframing knowledge: A Comparison of OECD and World Bank Discourse on Public Governance Reform.” Policy and Society 39.1 (2020): 113–128. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/14494035.2019.1609391.
De Siqueira, Julio Homem, Andrew G. Mtewa, dan Daury César Fabriz. “United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).” Dalam International Conflict and Security Law: A Research Handbook. Ed. Sergey Sayapin dkk., 761–777. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-515-7_36.
Firman. “Meritokrasi dan Netralitas Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam Pengaruh Pilkada Langsung.” The Indonesian Journal of Public Administration (IJPA) 3.2 (2017): 88–105. https://journal.uta45jakarta.ac.id/index.php/admpublik/article/view/1136.
“Good Governance.” UNDP, https://www.undp.org/serbia/good-governance, diakses pada 14 Oktober 2025.
“Governance and Development.” World Bank, https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/ documents-reports/documentdetail/604951468739447676, diakses pada 17 Oktober 2025.
Han, Seungwoo, dan Hyeok Yong Kwon. “Home Ownership, House Prices, and Belief in Meritocracy: Evidence from South Korea and 34 Countries.” Political Studies (2023). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00323217231176677.
Handayani, Fitria Andalus, dan Mohamad Ichsana Nur. “Implementasi Good Governance di Indonesia.” Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara 11.1 (2019): 1–11. https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/publica/article/view/7631.
Hartanto, Dadang dkk. “Perceived Effectiveness of E-Governance as an Underlying Mechanism between Good Governance and Public Trust: a Case of Indonesia.” Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 23.6 (2021): 598–616. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-03-2021-0046.
“Is Good Governance a Necessary Precursor to Peace?” UNDP, https://www.undp.org/blog/ good-governance-necessary-precursor-peace, diakses pada 14 Oktober 2025.
Jegalus, Norbertus, dan Yohanes Subani. “Tractatus Politicus dan Demokrasi: Risalah Model-Model Rezim yang Rasional.” Jurnal Ledalero 22.2 (2023): 102–119. https://ejurnal.iftkledalero.ac.id/index.php/JLe/article/view/379.
Konrad, Alison M., Orlando C. Richard, dan Yang Yang. “Both Diversity and Meritocracy: Managing the Diversity-Meritocracy Paradox with Organizational Ambidexterity.” Journal of Management Studies 58.8 (2021): 2180–2206. Daring. Internet. 25 Okt 2025. . Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/joms.12752.
Landa, Dimitri, dan Ryan Pevnick. “Political Meritocracy and Democracy.” Annual Review of Political Science 28. 28 (2025): 253–271. https://www.annualreviews.org/content/jour nals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050123-113309.
Marlia, Cory, Susanto Ginting, dan M. Joharis Lubis. “Kepemimpinan Pemerintahan di Era Bonus Demografi.” Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian 3.1 (2022): 4319–4324. https://ejournal.stpmataram.ac.id/JIP/article/view/1638.
Maryati, Sri, Hefrizal Handra, dan Irwan Muslim. “Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Menuju Era Bonus Demografi di Sumatra Barat.” Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 21.1 (2021). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jepi/vol21/iss1/8.
Nag, Ninad Shankar. “Government, Governance and Good Governance.” Indian Journal of Public Administration 64.1 (2018): 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/001955611773 5448.
Napoletano, Toby. “Meritocracy, Meritocratic Education, and Equality of Opportunity.” Theory and Research in Education (2024). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/ 10.1177/14778785241226662.
Nurhidayat, Ipan. “Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance di Indonesia.” Journal Education and Government Wiyata 1.1 (2023): 40–52. https://journal.wiyatapublisher.or.id/index.php/ e-gov/article/view/5.
P., Prilla Gilang Fafako, dan Denok Kurniasih. “Etika Administrasi Publik dalam Mewujudkan Good Governance di Indonesia.” Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research 4.1 (2024): 3474–3483. http://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/8293.
Pandor, Pius. “Menyibak Tabir Politik Otentik Arendtian: Sebuah Pembacaan dari Perspektif Etika Politik.” Arete: Jurnal Filsafat 2.1 (2013): 1–22. https://jurnal.ukwms.ac.id/ index.php/ARETE/article/view/664.
Plato. The Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Purwati, Wina Desi, dan Panji Kusuma Prasetyanto. “Analisis Pengaruh Bonus Demografi terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia.” Jurnal Economina 1.3 (2022): 532–546. https://ejournal.45mataram.ac.id/index.php/economina/article/view/130.
Puspita, Dyah Ayu, Awang Adiat Maulana, dan Muhammad Yasin. “Keragaman Industrialisasi pada Kebijakan Pemerintah.” Jurnal Kajian dan Penelitian Umum 1.3 (2023): 78–83. https://e-journal.nalanda.ac.id/index.php/jkpu/article/view/211.
Qomariyah, Nurul dkk. “Analisis Peluang dan Tantangan Adanya Bonus Demografi di tahun 2045 terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia.” Sahmiyya: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis (2023): 180–186. https://e-journal.uingusdur.ac.id/sahmiyya/article/view/889.
Rosseau, Jean-Jeaques. Du Contrat Social, ou, Principes du Droit Politique. Manchester: Manchaster University Press, 2011.
Rosyan, Adam Nurfaizi, dan Eko Prasojo. “Pemilihan Umum dan Budaya Patronase: Mahalnya Biaya Politik di tengah Berkembangnya Sistem Meritokrasi.” Publikauma : Jurnal Administrasi Publik Universitas Medan Area 12.1 (2024): 30-45. https://ojs.uma.ac.id/ index.php/publikauma/article/view/11791.
Singh, Aman. “A Theoretical Understanding of Governance and Good Governance.” Vidya - A Journal of Gujarat University 2.1 (2023): 39–47. https://vidyajournal.org/ index.php/vidya/article/view/125.
Stojanović, Ilija, Jovo Ateljević, dan R. Stevan Stević. “Good Governance as a Tool of Sustainable Development.” European Journal of Sustainable Development 5.4 (2016): 558–558. https://ecsdev.org/ojs/index.php/ejsd/article/view/432.
Strand, Jonathan R., dan Kenneth J. Retzl. “Did Recent Voice Reforms Improve Good Governance within the World Bank?” Development and Change 47.3 (2016): 415–445. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dech.12231.
Teo, Terri-Anne. “Perceptions of Meritocracy in Singapore: Inconsistencies, Contestations and Biases.” Asian Studies Review 43.2 (2019): 184–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823. 2019.1587592.
Tio, Teodorus. “Kekuasaan Jokowi dalam Perspektif Michel Foucault.” AKADEMIKA : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa 24.1 (2024): 24–34. https://journal.iftkledalero.ac.id/index.php/ AKD/article/view/54.
Wahyudi, Agus. “What is Good Governance? World Bank and The Power of Normalization.” JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 8.2 (2015): 1–14. https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jkap/article/view/8413.
Weber, Max. Politics as a Vocation. Minnesota: Fortress Press, 1956.
Young, Michael. The Rise of Meritocracy. Victoria: Penguin Books, 1961.
Zamroni, M. “General Principles of Good Governance in Indonesia: What are The Legal Bases?” Varia Justicia 15.1 (2019): 1–8. https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/variajusticia/ article/view/2464.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 AKADEMIKA : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
